SEDATOR
1.0 mg/ml, solution for injection for cats and dogs
Target species
Cats and dogs.
Composition
Each ml contains:
Active ingredients
Medetomidine hydrochloride 1.0 mg
Other constituents
Methyl parahydroxybenzoate (E 218) 1.0 mg
Propyl parahydroxybenzoate (E 216) 0.2 mg
Pharmaceutical form
Solution for injection.
Clear and colourless solution
Indications for use
Dogs: for restraint, sedation and analgesia associated with clinical examinations and procedures, minor surgery, pre-anaesthesia and as a premedication before thiopentone-halothane general anaesthesia and as a premedicant before general anaesthesia with propofol. In combination with butorphanol for sedation, analgesia and as a premedicant to thiopentone anaesthesia.
Cats: for restraint and sedation. In combination with ketamine for induction of general anaesthesia prior to surgical procedures in the cat. In combination with butorphanol for sedation and analgesia, and combined with both butorphanol and ketamine for general anaesthesia. As a premedication before alphaxalone/alphadolone for general anaesthesia.
Contraindications
Do not use in conjunction with sympathomimetic amines. Care should be taken with the use of medetomidine in animals with cardiovascular disease or in poor general health. Before using any combinations consult the contraindications and warnings that appear on the other products’ data sheet. Medetomidine should not be used with thiopentone or propofol in animals with cardiac or respiratory disease.
Amounts to be administered and administration route
Intended for injection by intramuscular, intravenous and subcutaneous routes in the dog, and by the intramuscular or subcutaneous route in the cat.
In the case of accidental oral intake or self-injection, seek medical advice immediately and show the package leaflet to the doctor, but DO NOT DRIVE as sedation and changes in blood pressure may occur. Avoid skin, eye or mucosal contact. Immediately after exposure, wash the exposed skin with large amounts of fresh water. In the case of accidental contact of the product with eyes, rinse with large amounts of fresh water. If symptoms occur, seek the advice of a doctor. If pregnant women handle the product, special caution should be observed not to self inject as uterine contractions and decreased foetal blood pressure may occur after accidental systemic exposure. Advice to doctors: Medetomidine is an alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonist. Symptoms after absorption may involve clinical effects including dose-dependent sedation, respiratory depression, bradycardia, hypotension, a dry mouth, and hyperglycaemia. Ventricular arrhythmias have also been reported. Respiratory and haemodynamic symptoms should be treated symptomatically.
Special precautions for use in animals
An appropriately graduated syringe must be used to allow accurate administration of the required dose volume. This is particularly important when injecting small volumes. Care should be taken with the use of medetomidine in animals with cardiovascular disease or in poor general health. Medetomidine, ketamine and thiopentone are metabolised in the liver and excreted mainly via the kidneys. Pre-existing liver or kidney pathology should be carefully evaluated prior to using these products
MEDETOMIDINE WITH KETAMINE IN CATS
Medetomidine and ketamine are metabolised in the liver and excreted mainly via the kidneys, therefore any pre-existing hepatic or renal pathology must be carefully evaluated before considering this method of anaesthesia. Vomiting prior to onset of anaesthesia occurs in approximately 10% of cases. Laryngeal and pharyngeal reflexes are retained during anaesthesia. The combination is reported to elicit a pain response in some cats when administered intramuscularly. Heart rates will generally fall to approximately 50% of pre-anaesthetic levels and in some cats very slow respiratory rates are observed (4-6 breaths per minute). Where procedures are prolonged it may be helpful to apply an eye preparation at regular intervals to lubricate the cornea. During and after anaesthesia, treated animals should be kept in a warm and even temperature. Medetomidine must not be mixed with other ketamine products, with the exception of Vetalar.
MEDETOMIDINE AS A PREMEDICANT BEFORE THIOPENTONE IN DOGS
Anaesthesia being maintained with halothane (with or without nitrous oxide). This regime should not be used in animals with cardiovascular or respiratory disease. Medetomidine and thiopentone are metabolised in the liver and excreted via the kidneys; any pre-existing hepatic or renal pathology must be carefully evaluated before considering this method of anaesthesia. Medetomidine has marked anaesthetic sparing effects. Therefore, it should be ensured that the dose of thiopentone and halothane is reduced accordingly and is administered with care to minimise the possibility of inadvertent overdosage. Respiratory rates may fall by up to 30% of pre-dose values following administration of medetomidine. Heart rates will fall following the administration of medetomidine and they will not return to presedation levels following induction. Occasionally there will be a transient rise in heart rate associated with induction followed by bradycardia. During and after anaesthesia, treated animals should be kept in warm and eventemperature.
MEDETOMIDINE AS A PREMEDICANT BEFORE PROPOFOL IN DOGS
This regime should not be used in animals with cardiovascular or respiratory disease.
Medetomidine and propofol are metabolised in the liver and excreted via the kidneys; any pre-existing hepatic or renal pathology must be carefully evaluated before considering this method of anaesthesia. Medetomidine has marked anaesthetic sparing effects, therefore it should be ensured that the dose of propofol is reduced accordingly and is administered with care to minimise the possibility of inadvertent overdosage. Transient apnoea and movement of the forelegs may occur during induction of anaesthesia and in some cases at higher dosages, a decline in arterial oxygen tension may occur. When using this regime dogs should be intubated and oxygen administered during anaesthesia. During and after anaesthesia, treated animals should be kept in a warm and even temperature.
Adverse reactions (frequency and seriousness)
By virtue of this α2-adrenergic activity, medetomidine causes bradycardia and hypothermia. It may also affect cardiac conductivity. Treated animals should be kept in a warm and even temperature during the procedures and for 12 hours after sedation. Blood pressure will increase initially and then return to normal or slightly below. Some dogs and most cats vomit 5-10 minutes after injection. Some cats may also vomit on recovery. In some dogs and cats very slow respiratory rates may be seen. Diuresis may be associated with recovery.
Use during pregnancy or lactation
The use of medetomidine in pregnancy has not been monitored in a sufficient number of animals. It is therefore not recommended.
Interactions with other veterinary medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Medetomidine should not be used in conjunction with sympathomimetic amines. The concomitant use of other central nervous system depressants should be expected to potentiate the effect of either product and appropriate dose adjustment should be made. Medetomidine has marked anaesthetic sparing effects. The dose of compounds such as thiopentone, halothane and propofol should be reduced accordingly.
Overdose (symptoms, emergency procedures, antidotes) if necessary
In cases of overdosage, or if the effects of medetomidine become life-threatening, the appropriate dose of atipamezole is recommended provided that reversal of sedation and analgesia is not dangerous to the patient. For example, atipamezole does not reverse the effects of ketamine. If it is imperative to reverse bradycardia but to maintain sedation, atropine may be used
Withdrawal periods
Not applicable
